Journal: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: Gastrointestinal Digestion Enhances the In vitro Antitumor Activity of Red Grape Anthocyanins Against Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.1007/s11130-026-01498-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro antitumor activity of undigested and digested red grape anthocyanin extracts in DLD1 and Caco2 cells. ( A ) MTT cell viability curves; ( B ) IC₅₀ values and relative potency; ( C ) Representative cell morphology of untreated (CTR) and IC₅₀-treated cells; ( D ) Trypan Blue viability validation in DLD1 cells. Statistical significance was assessed by t-test and Extra Sum-of-Squares F Test

Article Snippet: Two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, Caco2 (ATCC, USA) and DLD1 (ECACC), were cultured under standard conditions as detailed in SM.

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: Gastrointestinal Digestion Enhances the In vitro Antitumor Activity of Red Grape Anthocyanins Against Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.1007/s11130-026-01498-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptomic alterations in DLD1 cells treated with IC₅₀ of digested red grape anthocyanins. ( A ) Hierarchical clustering of microarray samples; ( B ) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (|FR| ≥ 1.5; adj. p < 0.05); ( C ) Heatmap of top 50 up- and downregulated genes; ( D ) Enriched Hallmark and Reactome gene sets identified by GSEA (FDR < 25%, nominal p < 0.05)

Article Snippet: Two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, Caco2 (ATCC, USA) and DLD1 (ECACC), were cultured under standard conditions as detailed in SM.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: Gastrointestinal Digestion Enhances the In vitro Antitumor Activity of Red Grape Anthocyanins Against Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.1007/s11130-026-01498-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Apoptosis-related effects of digested red grape anthocyanins in DLD1 cells. ( A ) Enriched apoptosis-related gene sets (GSEA); ( B ) Annexin V/PI apoptosis quantification at IC₅₀ and 5 µg/mL; (C) RT-qPCR validation of selected apoptosis-associated genes. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (t-test)

Article Snippet: Two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, Caco2 (ATCC, USA) and DLD1 (ECACC), were cultured under standard conditions as detailed in SM.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: Gastrointestinal Digestion Enhances the In vitro Antitumor Activity of Red Grape Anthocyanins Against Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.1007/s11130-026-01498-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proliferation-related effects of digested red grape anthocyanins in DLD1 cells. ( A ) AlamarBlue proliferation kinetics at IC₅₀ and 5 µg/mL; ( B ) Cell cycle phase distribution by flow cytometry; ( C ) RT-qPCR validation of selected proliferation-associated genes. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (t-test)

Article Snippet: Two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, Caco2 (ATCC, USA) and DLD1 (ECACC), were cultured under standard conditions as detailed in SM.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: Gastrointestinal Digestion Enhances the In vitro Antitumor Activity of Red Grape Anthocyanins Against Colorectal Cancer Cells

doi: 10.1007/s11130-026-01498-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell motility-related effects of digested red grape anthocyanins in DLD1 cells. ( A ) Enriched motility-related Reactome gene sets (GSEA); ( B ) Spatial characteristics of the microfluidic device; ( C ) Confined 3D migration parameters (speed, velocity, migratory cell number) at IC₅₀ and 5 µg/mL. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (t-test)

Article Snippet: Two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, Caco2 (ATCC, USA) and DLD1 (ECACC), were cultured under standard conditions as detailed in SM.

Techniques: Migration